What is instrumental motivation primarily driven by?

Instrumental motivation is primarily driven by the desire to achieve specific outcomes or obtain rewards. This form of motivation is focused on the extrinsic benefits that one can gain from engaging in an activity. For example, someone might study hard not just because they enjoy learning, but specifically to earn good grades, secure a particular job, or attain a scholarship.

Understanding instrumental motivation is important because it emphasizes the role of tangible results in driving behavior. This contrasts with other forms of motivation, which might stem from intrinsic enjoyment or personal fulfillment. While enjoyment, avoiding negative feelings, and personal satisfaction can influence decisions, instrumental motivation is distinctly linked to fulfilling specific goals that often have an external reward associated with them.